In the spring of 1713 the War of the Spanish Succession ended with the Treaty of Utrecht. The French had been forced to concede to the English Hudson Bay, Acadia, and Newfoundland, and the right to trade directly with the First Nations of the west. The exact extent of the boundaries of Acadia was not spelled out in the treaty, which subsequently gave rise to continued disputes between France and England. This disastrous treaty began the demolition of the French empire: France, conquered in Europe, sacrificed America.